įailed to orbit seal failure in hydrogen peroxide pump cooling system resulted in core-stage underperformance. Reached apogee of 1,550 kilometres (960 mi). įailed to orbit premature second-stage cutoff due to erroneous command by ground controllers third stage failed to ignite due to broken electrical connection. įailed to orbit carrier rocket exploded due to excessive vibration. įailed to orbit premature second-stage cutoff due to accelerometer failure. įailed to orbit rocket disintegrated due to excessive vibration. Missions by date Map of all soft landings on the lunar near side Missionįirst attempted launch beyond Earth orbit failed to orbit due to turbopump gearbox malfunction resulting in first-stage explosion. Missions by organization/company Analysis of numbers of lunar missions It includes Flybys, Impact probes, orbiters, landers, rovers and crewed missions. This is a list of 146 launches (including failed ones) to the Moon. The Moon has also been visited by five spacecraft not dedicated to studying it four spacecraft have flown past it to gain gravity assistance, and a radio telescope, Explorer 49, was placed into selenocentric orbit in order to use the Moon to block interference from terrestrial radio sources. Missions to the Moon have been conducted by the following nations and organisations (in chronological order): the Soviet Union, the United States, Japan, the European Space Agency, China, India, Luxembourg, Israel, Italy, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates, and Russia. Three rover missions were launched, of which two were successful, and eleven sample return flights were attempted with three successes. While the United States focused on the crewed Apollo program, the Soviet Union conducted uncrewed missions that deployed rovers and returned samples to the Earth. All nine crewed missions returned safely to the Earth. Apollo 13 was intended to land however, it was restricted to a flyby due to a malfunction aboard the spacecraft. Six missions landed humans on the Moon, beginning with Apollo 11 in July 1969, during which Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. Apollo 8 was the first crewed mission to enter orbit in December 1968, and it was followed by Apollo 10 in May 1969. In 1966, Luna 9 became the first spacecraft to achieve a controlled soft landing, while Luna 10 became the first mission to enter orbit, and in 1968 Zond 5 became the first mission to carry lifeforms (tortoises) to close proximity of the Moon.īetween 19, crewed missions to the Moon were conducted by the United States as part of the Apollo program. Of the Moon landings, Luna 2 of the Soviet Union was the first spacecraft to reach its surface successfully, intentionally impacting the Moon on 13 September 1959. For a list of each individual lunar probe, see List of lunar probes.Ī replica of Luna 9, the first spacecraft to land on the Moon The first image taken of the far side of the Moon, returned by Luna 3Īs part of human exploration of the Moon, numerous space missions have been undertaken to study Earth's natural satellite. This article is about missions to the Moon.
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